depending upon

circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].

( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

gramen erat circa,

Ov. M. 3, 411:

ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

Verg. A. 12, 757:

at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

Tib. 1, 3, 87:

circaque quā tumor est,

Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

circa Padus amnis,

id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

Curt. 4, 12, 20:

alibi quam Romao circaque,

Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—

Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

ex montibus qui circa sunt,

Liv. 1, 4, 6:

Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

id. 1, 41, 1:

sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

Liv. 34, 29, 6:

Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

id. 21, 7, 5:

corpora multa virūm circa,

Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—

Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

id. 9, 23, 10:

cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

exhausto circa omni agro,

id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—

Prep. with acc.

In space.

( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

circa equum Alexandri,

Curt. 4, 15, 26:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

quem circa tigres jacent,

Ov. M. 3, 668.—

( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2:

legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

circa domos ire,

id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

Liv. 42, 51, 1:

custodes circa omnes portas missi,

id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—

( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

circa Liternum posuit castra,

in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

tabernae erant circa forum,

Quint. 6, 3, 38:

circa Armeniae montes,

Curt. 5, 1, 13:

Acesinen amnem,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

domum auream,

Suet. Ner. 38:

sacrificantem,

id. Claud. 36.—

As a less definite designation of place for in:

Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

Vell. 1, 2, 5:

circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

Curt. 4, 9, 1:

quod circa Syriam nascitur,

Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

finem,

id. 4, 3, 5:

virentes campos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

Liv. 21, 37, 3:

compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

id. 28, 7, 9:

iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—

( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

Liv. 29, 1, 2:

omnes,

Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

Curt. 3, 1, 17:

e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

circa latus alicujus agere,

to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—

(Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

Liv. 42, 57, 10:

circa eum mensem,

Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

lucis ortum,

Curt. 5, 3, 7:

lucem,

Suet. Oth. 11:

mediam noctem,

id. Claud. 2:

vernum aequinoctium,

Col. 5, 6, 19:

Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

septimum diem,

Cels. 2, 6:

undecimam horam,

Suet. Caes. 88:

lustra decem,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

tempora illa,

Quint. 11, 3, 143:

tempora Peloponnesia,

id. 12, 10, 4:

Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

Vell. 2, 93, 1:

Magni Pompeii aetatem,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

mortem,

id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

initia imperii,

Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

circa Demetrium Phalerea,

about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

Tisiam et Coraca,

id. 2, 17, 7:

Philippum,

id. 12, 10, 6:

Ciceronem,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

Attium,

Vell. 1, 17, 1.—

In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

Liv. 45, 34, 6:

quingentos Romanorum,

id. 27, 42, 8:

decem milia Persarum,

Curt. 4, 6, 30:

sestertium vicies,

Suet. Claud. 6:

quartum milliarium,

id. Ner. 48:

selibram,

Cels. 4, 19:

singulas heminas,

id. 7, 15.—

(Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.

Upon substantives:

circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

Quint. 10, 5, 5:

circa S litteram deliciae,

id. 1, 11, 6:

verba dissensio,

id. 3, 11, 5:

memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

id. 11, 2, 22:

hoc opiniones,

id. 2, 15, 1;

Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

voces inani studio,

id. 8, prooem §

18 et saep: rura sermo,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

hospitia nullum fastidium,

id. Pan. 20, 3:

publica circa bonas artes socordia,

Tac. A. 11, 15:

principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Upon adjectives:

non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

jus nostrum attentior,

id. 4, 5, 21:

studia mentis erectae,

id. 1, 3, 10:

lites raras ridiculi,

id. 7, 1, 43:

praecepta utiles sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

corporis curam morosior,

Suet. Caes. 45:

victum indifferens,

id. ib. 53:

deos ac religiones neglegentior,

id. Tib. 69:

administrationem imperii vacuus,

id. Dom. 3 al.:

summa scelera distentum,

Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

id. G. 28:

excessus otiosus,

id. Or. 22:

se animati,

Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —

Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

hoc disputatum est,

id. 1, 5, 34:

priores erratur,

id. 2, 5, 26:

formas litterarum haerere,

id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

Tac. H. 1, 13:

Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

id. Or. 3:

successorem omnia ordinari,

Suet. Claud. 45:

ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

id. ib. 22.

Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.

Circa, ae, v. Circe.

circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].

( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

gramen erat circa,

Ov. M. 3, 411:

ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

Verg. A. 12, 757:

at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

Tib. 1, 3, 87:

circaque quā tumor est,

Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

circa Padus amnis,

id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

Curt. 4, 12, 20:

alibi quam Romao circaque,

Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—

Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

ex montibus qui circa sunt,

Liv. 1, 4, 6:

Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

id. 1, 41, 1:

sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

Liv. 34, 29, 6:

Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

id. 21, 7, 5:

corpora multa virūm circa,

Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—

Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

id. 9, 23, 10:

cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

exhausto circa omni agro,

id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—

Prep. with acc.

In space.

( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

circa equum Alexandri,

Curt. 4, 15, 26:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

quem circa tigres jacent,

Ov. M. 3, 668.—

( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2:

legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

circa domos ire,

id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

Liv. 42, 51, 1:

custodes circa omnes portas missi,

id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—

( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

circa Liternum posuit castra,

in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

tabernae erant circa forum,

Quint. 6, 3, 38:

circa Armeniae montes,

Curt. 5, 1, 13:

Acesinen amnem,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

domum auream,

Suet. Ner. 38:

sacrificantem,

id. Claud. 36.—

As a less definite designation of place for in:

Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

Vell. 1, 2, 5:

circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

Curt. 4, 9, 1:

quod circa Syriam nascitur,

Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

finem,

id. 4, 3, 5:

virentes campos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

Liv. 21, 37, 3:

compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

id. 28, 7, 9:

iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—

( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

Liv. 29, 1, 2:

omnes,

Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

Curt. 3, 1, 17:

e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

circa latus alicujus agere,

to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—

(Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

Liv. 42, 57, 10:

circa eum mensem,

Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

lucis ortum,

Curt. 5, 3, 7:

lucem,

Suet. Oth. 11:

mediam noctem,

id. Claud. 2:

vernum aequinoctium,

Col. 5, 6, 19:

Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

septimum diem,

Cels. 2, 6:

undecimam horam,

Suet. Caes. 88:

lustra decem,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

tempora illa,

Quint. 11, 3, 143:

tempora Peloponnesia,

id. 12, 10, 4:

Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

Vell. 2, 93, 1:

Magni Pompeii aetatem,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

mortem,

id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

initia imperii,

Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

circa Demetrium Phalerea,

about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

Tisiam et Coraca,

id. 2, 17, 7:

Philippum,

id. 12, 10, 6:

Ciceronem,

Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

Attium,

Vell. 1, 17, 1.—

In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

Liv. 45, 34, 6:

quingentos Romanorum,

id. 27, 42, 8:

decem milia Persarum,

Curt. 4, 6, 30:

sestertium vicies,

Suet. Claud. 6:

quartum milliarium,

id. Ner. 48:

selibram,

Cels. 4, 19:

singulas heminas,

id. 7, 15.—

(Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.

Upon substantives:

circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

Quint. 10, 5, 5:

circa S litteram deliciae,

id. 1, 11, 6:

verba dissensio,

id. 3, 11, 5:

memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

id. 11, 2, 22:

hoc opiniones,

id. 2, 15, 1;

Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

voces inani studio,

id. 8, prooem §

18 et saep: rura sermo,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

hospitia nullum fastidium,

id. Pan. 20, 3:

publica circa bonas artes socordia,

Tac. A. 11, 15:

principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

Suet. Claud. 14.—

Upon adjectives:

non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

Quint. 12, 10, 12:

jus nostrum attentior,

id. 4, 5, 21:

studia mentis erectae,

id. 1, 3, 10:

lites raras ridiculi,

id. 7, 1, 43:

praecepta utiles sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

corporis curam morosior,

Suet. Caes. 45:

victum indifferens,

id. ib. 53:

deos ac religiones neglegentior,

id. Tib. 69:

administrationem imperii vacuus,

id. Dom. 3 al.:

summa scelera distentum,

Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

id. G. 28:

excessus otiosus,

id. Or. 22:

se animati,

Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —

Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

hoc disputatum est,

id. 1, 5, 34:

priores erratur,

id. 2, 5, 26:

formas litterarum haerere,

id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

Tac. H. 1, 13:

Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

id. Or. 3:

successorem omnia ordinari,

Suet. Claud. 45:

ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

id. ib. 22.

Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.

Circa, ae, v. Circe.

sub-nixus ( - nīsus), a, um, Part. [nitor], supported from beneath, under-propped, propped up, supported by, resting or leaning upon any thing, etc. (class., esp. in the trop. sense; cf. suffultus).

Lit.:

(duos circulos) caeli verticibus ipsis ex utrāque parte subnixos vides,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

solioque alte subnixa resedit,

Verg. A. 1, 506: parva Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro, supported, i. e. defended by, id. ib. 3, 402:

subnixae nubibus altis,

id. Cir. 195:

cubito subnixa,

id. ib. 348: Caesariem tunc forte Venus subnixa corusco Fingebat solio, Claud. Epith. Hon. et Mar. 99; Aus. Cent. Nupt. 48:

subnixas jugis immanibus aedes,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49:

galea coruscis subnixa cristis,

Sil. 2, 398:

subnixis alis me inferam,

i. e. with my arms a-kimbo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 6.—

Trop.

Relying or depending upon any thing.

With abl.:

victoriis divitiisque subnixus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:

cum Bastarnas cernerent subnixos Thracum auxiliis,

Liv. 41, 19:

Hannibal subnixus victoriā Cannensi,

id. 25, 41; cf. id. 26, 13:

validis propinquitatibus subnixus,

Tac. A. 11, 1:

civitas tot illustribus viris subnixa,

id. ib. 1, 11:

arrogantiā subnixi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

robore mentis,

Mart. 1, 40, 7:

manu servorum,

Ascon. ad Cic. Mil. 8.—

With ex: Latini subnixo animo ex victoriā inerti, consilium ineunt, Cael. (or Quadrig.) ap. Non. 405, 29; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 4.—

Absol.:

subnixus et fidens innocentiae animus,

Liv. 4, 42, 5.—

Subject to:

servitute,

Tert. Patient. 4.

* * *

ăpo (or ăpio, Isid. Orig. 19, 30), ĕre, v. a. [cf.: haptô, apiscor, apex].

A.. To fasten, attach, join, bind, tie to (syn.: ligo, adligo, jungo, conjungo, recto): comprehendere antiqui vinculo apere dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. apex, p. 18 Müll.; cf. apex; used only in part. perf. pass. aptus (the P. a. v. infra):

uteri terrae radicibus apti,

fastened to the earth, Lucr. 5, 808 (Lachm., terram and apti = adepti):

bracchia validis ex apta lacertis,

united with the strong shoulders, id. 4, 829:

gladium e lacunari setā equinā aptum demitti jussit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62:

linguam vinclis de pectore imo aptis moveri,

Gell. 1, 15.—

Trop.: ex aliquā re (like pendere ex aliquā re), depending upon, arising from (so only in Cic.):

rerum causae aliae ex aliis aptae et necessitate nexae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 25, 70:

honestum, ex quo aptum est officium,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Fin. 2, 14, 47:

ex quā re (sc. virtute) una vita omnis apta sit,

id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

causa ex aeternis causis apta,

id. Fat. 15, 34:

cui viro ex se apta sunt omnia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 12, 36 (as transl. of Plat. Menex. p. 302: Hotôi gar andri eis heauton anêrtêtai panta, etc.); cf. id. Fam. 5, 13.—Once also with pendere:

non ex verbis aptum pendere jus,

Cic. Caecin. 18.—Also without ex:

vitā modicā et aptā virtute perfrui,

Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

rudentibus apta fortuna,

id. Tusc. 5, 14, [p. 138] 40.—

A.. Joined, bound, or tied together, connected:

aptum conexum et colligatum significat,

Non. p. 234, 32 (so most freq. in Lucr.):

conjugio corporis atque animae consistimus uniter apti,

Lucr. 3, 846; 5, 555; 5, 558:

genus... validis aptum per viscera nervis,

bound together by the strong band of the sinews, id. 5, 928:

quae memorare queam inter se singlariter apta,

id. 6, 1067 al.:

facilius est apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

quā ex conjunctione caelum ita aptum est, ut, etc.,

id. Tim. 5:

qui tam certos caeli motus, tamque omnia inter se conexa et apta viderit,

id. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Gell. 6, 2. —

Trop.:

omnia inter se apta et conexa,

Cic. Fin. 4, 19, 53:

apta inter se et cohaerentia,

id. N. D 3, 1, 4:

efficiatur aptum illud, quod fuerit antea diffiuens ac solutum,

id. Or. 70, 233.— Poet., with abl., endowed, furnished, or ornamented with something: fides alma, apta pinnis, furnished with wings, winged, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105:

stellis fulgentibus apta caeli domus,

the abode of heaven studded with glittering stars, Lucr. 6, 357 (cf. id. 5, 1205: stellis micantibus aethera fixum);

imitated by Verg.: caelum stellis fulgentibus aptum,

Verg. A. 11, 202, and:

axis stellis ardentibus aptus,

id. ib. 4, 482:

veste signis ingentibus aptā,

Lucr. 5, 1428:

magis apta figura,

id. 2, 814: lucus opacus teneris fruticibus aptus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 235, 9:

Tyrio prodeat apta sinu,

Tib. 1, 9, 70.—Hence,

aptus, a, um, P. a., pr., fitted to something; hence, suited, suitable, proper, apposite, fit, appropriate, adapted, conformable to (cf. accommodatus and appositus, 2.).

In gen.: aptus is, qui convenienter alicui junctus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. apex, p. 18 Müll. (so most freq. after the Cic. per.); constr. with ad or dat.; of persons always with dat.

With ad:

ossa habent commissuras ad stabilitatem aptas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 139:

in pulmonibus inest raritas quaedam ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,

id. ib. 2, 55, 136:

locus ad insidias aptior,

id. Mil. 20:

calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

castra ad bellum ducendum aptissima,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; so Vulg. 1 Par. 7, 40; ib. 2 Par. 26, 13:

aptum ad proelium,

ib. 1 Reg. 14, 52:

fornices in muro erant apti ad excurrendum,

Liv. 36, 23, 3 al. —

With dat.:

non omnia rebus sunt omnibus apta,

Lucr. 6, 961:

aliis alias animantibus aptas Res,

id. 6, 773:

initia apta et accommodata naturae,

Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 46:

quod verum, simplex sincerumque sit, id esse naturae hominis aptissimum,

id. Off. 1, 4, 13:

haec genera dicendi aptiora sunt adulescentibus,

id. Brut. 95, 223; so id. ib. 62, 326; id. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; id. Or. 22, 1 al.:

quod aetati tuae esset aptissimum,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4; so Nep. Att. 16, 1:

apta dies sacrificio,

Liv. 1, 45:

venti aptiores Romanae quam suae classi,

id. 25, 37 al.:

notavi portus puppibus aptos,

Ov. M. 3, 596; 4, 160:

armis apta magis tellus,

Prop. 4, 22, 19:

aptum equis Argos,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 9:

apta vinculo conjugali,

Vulg. Ruth, 1, 12; ib. Luc. 9, 62:

aptus amicis,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 43 et saep.— Other constrr.:

With in (cf. Rudd. II. p. 96, n. 60):

in quod (genus pugnae) minime apti sunt,

Liv. 38, 21:

formas deus aptus in omnes,

apt for, easily changed into, Ov. M. 14, 765:

in ceteros apta usus,

Vulg. Deut. 20, 20:

vasa apta in interitum,

ib. Rom. 9, 22.—

With qui (cf. Zumpt, §

568): nulla videbatur aptior persona, quae de illā aetate loqueretur,

Cic. Am. 1, 4:

est mihi, quae lanas molliat, apta manus,

Ov. H. 3, 70.—

Poet., with inf:

(Circe) apta cantu veteres mutare figuras,

Tib. 4, 1, 63:

aetas mollis et apta regi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 10.— Esp. freq.,

Absol., Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 235, 16:

amor,

Prop. 4, 22, 42:

saltus,

Ov. M. 2, 498:

ars,

Tib. 1, 7, 60:

apta oscula,

Tib. 1, 4, 54; Ov. H. 15, 132:

lar aptus,

an extensive, satisfying possession, Hor. C. 1, 12, 43.—So in prose:

aptus exercitus,

an army good in fight, ready for battle, Liv. 10, 25:

tempus aptum,

the right time, id. 35, 19; so Vulg. Eccli. 20, 6 al.—

Esp., in rhet., of the fitness, appropriateness of discourse:

quid aptum sit, hoc est quid maxime decens in oratione,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210; so apta oratio, which has the appropriate rhet. fulness and periodic rounding: numerosa et apta oratio, id. Or. 50, 168; cf. id. ib. 50, 70; so id. Brut. 17, 68:

Thucydides verbis aptus et pressus,

exact and brief in expression, id. de Or. 2, 13, 56.—Hence, aptē, adv., closely, fitly, suitably, nicely, rightly.

Lit.

Absol.:

atque ita apte cohaeret (mundi corpus), ut etc.,

Cic. Tim. 5: altera est nexa cum superiore et inde apteque pendens, id. ap. Non. p. 235, 18:

capiti apte reponere,

Liv. 1, 34, 8.—

With ad:

apte convenire ad pedem,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 46.— Sup.,

With inter:

ut inter se quam aptissime cohaereant extrema (verba) cum primis etc.,

Cic. Or. 44, 149.—

Trop., fitly, suitably, properly, duly, rightly.

Absol.:

facile judicabimus, quid eorum apte fiat,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 146:

quod est oratoris proprium, apte, distincte, ornate dicere,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

apte et quiete ferre,

id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

non equite apte locato,

Liv. 4, 37, 8:

Qui doceant, apte quid tibi possit emi,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 88:

nec aliter imperium apte regi potest,

Curt. 8, 8, 13:

floribus compositis apte et utiliter,

Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 46. — Comp.:

qualia aptius suis referentur locis,

Plin. 2, 62, 62, § 153:

Aptius haec puero, quam tibi, dona dabis,

Mart. 13, 26.—

With dat.:

si quid exierit numeris aptius,

Quint. 10, 12, 26.— Sup.:

seruntur Parilibus tamen aptissime,

Plin. 19, 3, 24, § 69.—

With ad:

(ut) ad rerum dignitatem apte et quasi decore (loquamur),

Cic. de Or. 1, 32, 144:

spolia ducis hostium caesi suspensa fabricato ad id apte ferculo gerens,

Liv. 1, 10, 5.

cāsŭālis, e, adj. [casus].

Casual, fortuitous (post-class. and very rare):

condicio,

depending upon chance, Cod. Just. 6, 51, 1, § 7.— Adv.: cāsŭālĭter, accidentally, Sid. Ep. 9, 11; Fulg. Myth. 1, 5.—

In gram., relating to or declined with cases:

Casuale, ut ab equo: equum,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 52, p. 116 Bip.; cf. id. ib. 10, §

18, p. 164 Bip.: formae,

Prisc. p. 672 P. al.

frētus, a, um, adj. [root dhar-, Sanscr. dhar-ā-mi, hold, support; v. frēnum], leaning or supported on something, in a good or bad sense; relying or depending upon, trusting to; daring (class.; cf.: fultus, nixus).—Constr. with abl., rarely with dat., with inf. ( poet.), and with objectclause.

With abl.: omnes mortales dis [p. 781] sunt freti, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 sq.:

magnanimi viri freti virtute et viribus,

id. Am. 1, 1, 56:

ingenio ejus,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 100:

dote,

id. Men. 5, 2, 17:

vobis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 33:

vobis fretus,

Cic. Planc. 42, 103:

fretus intellegentiā vestrā,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:

fretus conscientiā officii mei,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 6:

gratiā Bruti,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

ingenio,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 103:

juventā,

Verg. A. 5, 430 al.:

amicitiis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

pondere enim fretae (res) stant,

Lucr. 6, 1058:

ferro et animis,

Liv. 9, 40, 4:

malitiā suā,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 43:

multitudine solā,

Liv. 9, 35, 3.—

With dat. (only in Liv.;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 413): multitudo hostium, nulli rei praeterquam numero freta,

Liv. 6, 13, 1; cf.:

tamquam constantissimae rei, fortunae,

id. 4, 37, 6; so,

discordiae hostium,

id. 6, 31, 6:

haec civitas Samnitium infidae adversus Romanos societati freta,

id. 8, 22, 7.—

With inf.:

(naves) pontum irrumpere fretae Longius,

daring, venturing, Stat. Th. 6, 23.—

With object-clause:

satis fretus esse etiam nunc tolerando certamini legatum,

Liv. 10, 5, 5:

fretus excipi posse (hostem), qua venturum sciebat,

Curt. 7, 7, 31.

frētus, ūs, m. [1. fretus], reliance, confidence (post-class.):

animi tui fretu,

Symm. Ep. 2, 82.

frĕtus, ūs, m., a strait; v. fretum.

circum-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., lit. to pour out around, i.e. as in circumdo, either with the acc. of that which is poured, to pour around; or, with the acc. of that around which something is poured, to surround with a liquid (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

With acc. of the liquid poured (with or without dat. of the object around which):

amurcam ad oleam circumfundito,

Cato, R. R. 93:

Tigris urbi circumfunditur,

surrounds, flows round the town, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 132.— More freq. in part. perf. pass.:

mare circumfusum urbi,

the sea flowing around the town, Liv. 30, 9, 12:

gens circumfusis invia fluminibus,

Ov. F. 5, 582:

circumfusus nobis spiritus,

Quint. 12, 11, 13:

nec circumfuso pendebat in aëre tellus,

circumambient, Ov. M. 1, 12; imitated by Tib. 4, 1, 151.—

Reflex.: circumfudit se repente nubes,

Lact. 4, 21, 1.—Once mid.: cum fervet (lac), ne circumfundatur, etc., pour itself out around, i. e. run over, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 126; cf.:

circumfusa nubes,

Verg. A. 1, 586.—

With acc. of the object around which, etc., with or without abl. of the fluid:

(mortuum) cerā circumfuderunt,

Nep. Ages. 8, 7:

terram crassissimus circumfundit aër,

encompasses, envelops, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

terra circumfusa illo mari, quem oceanum appellatis,

id. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu (tmesis),

Verg. A. 1, 412:

quas circumfuderat atra tempestas,

Sil. 7, 723.—

Transf. to objects that do not flow, esp. if there is a great multitude, as it were, heaped upon a thing.

(Acc. to I. 1.) Mid., to press upon, crowd around, embrace closely, cling to (freq. in the histt.):

circumfunduntur ex reliquis hostes partibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37; 7, 28; id. B. C. 3. 63:

equites infestis cuspidibus circumfunduntur,

Liv. 10, 36, 9; 25, 34, 9; 27, 19, 3;

44, 23, 8: (Nymphae) circumfusae Dianam Corporibus texere suis,

surrounding, Ov. M. 3, 180:

multitudo circumfusa,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Liv. 2, 28, 6; 4, 46, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31; Quint. 4, 2, 37.—With the dat. of that upon which a multitude presses:

circumfundebantur obviis sciscitantes,

Liv. 22, 7, 11; 22, 14, 15; 26, 27, 10;

29, 34, 14 al.: circumfusa turba lateri meo,

id. 6, 15, 9: ut lateribus circumfundi posset equitatus. Curt. 3, 9, 12. —With acc. (depending on circum): Pacidiussuos equites exporrigere coepit... uthaberent facultatem turmas Julianas circumfundi, to surround, encompass them, Auct. B. Afr. 78 Oud. N. cr. — Poet. also of a single person: et nunc hac juveni, nunc circumfunditur illac, i. e. clings to, or closely embraces him, Ov. M. 4, 360; 14, 354; cf. with acc.:

hunc (sc. Mavortem), tu, diva, tuo recubantem corpore sancto circumfusa super,

Lucr. 1, 40.—

So once in the active voice, absol.:

circumfudit eques,

Tac. A. 3, 46.—

Trop.:

undique circumfusae molestiae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

non est tantum ab hostibus aetati nostrae periculum, quantum ab circumfusis undique voluptatibus, Liv 30, 14, 6: circumfuso nitore,

Quint. 4, 1, 59.—

(Acc. to I. 2.) To enclose, environ, surround, overwhelm:

circumfusus publicorum praesidiorum copiis,

Cic. Mil. 26, 71:

praefectum castrorum circumfundunt,

Tac. A. 12, 38; so id. H. 2, 19; 4, 20; id. A. 13, 40; Plin. [p. 339] 5, 12, 13, § 67; Sil. 7, 306:

circumfusus hostium concursu,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

M. Catonem vidi in bibliothecā sedentem, multis circumfusum Stoicorum libris,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7; Quint. 9, 4, 91, Curt. 3, 11, 4:

amplexibus alicujus,

Vell. 2, 123, 3:

X. milia Bojorum alio latere quam exspectabatur missis legionibus circumfudit,

Front. 1, 2, 7.—

Trop.:

cum has terras incolentes circumfusi erant caligine,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45:

latent ista omnia crassis occultata et circumfusa tenebris,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 122:

ut, quantā luce ea circumfusa sunt, possint agnoscere,

id. ib. 2, 15, 46:

eos stultitiā obruit, tenebris circumfundit,

Lact. 3, 29, 14:

circumfundit, aliquem multo splendore,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 9.

+ abl. relying upon, depending on, banking on.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

prĕcārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], obtained by begging, entreaty, or prayer (opp. debitus and pro imperio; not freq. till the Aug. per.; perh. used by Cic. only adverbially; v. infra).

Lit.:

non orare solum precariam opem, sed pro debitā petere,

obtained by entreaty, from mere favor, Liv. 3, 47, 2; cf.:

tribunicia potestas, precarium, non justum auxilium ferens,

id. 8, 35:

vita,

Tac. H. 4, 76:

precariam animam inter infensos trahere,

id. A. 1, 42:

imperium (quasi precibus concessum, ac propterea, quandocumque lubeat, rursus adimendum, Orell.),

id. H. 1, 52. —Hence, as subst.: prĕcārĭum, ii, n., any thing granted or lent upon request and at the will of the grantor:

precarium est, quod precibus petenti utendum conceditur tam diu, quamdiu is qui concessit patitur: quod genus liberalitatis ex jure gentium descendit, et distat a donatione eo, quod qui donat sic dat, ne recipiat: qui precario concedit sic dat, quasi tunc recepturus, cum sibi libuerit precarium solvere,

Dig. 43, 26, 1.—

Transf., depending on the will of another, doubtful, uncertain, transient, precarious:

forma,

Ov. M. 9, 76:

sapiens corpus suum, seque ipsum inter precaria numerat,

precarious, uncertain, transitory things, Sen. Tranq. 11, 1: fulgor, passing quickly by, very transient, Symm. Or. ap. Val. 1, 6.— Hence, adv.: prĕcārĭō, by entreaty or request (class.):

hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit,

Plaut. Am. prol. 24:

cum aliquo agere precario,

id. Truc. 4, 1, 12:

vel vi vel clam vel precario,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

si precario essent rogandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:

exegit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

praefuit,

on sufferance, Tac. Agr. 16:

precario studeo,

am obliged, as it were, to beg time for study, Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 4:

precario possidere,

by sufferance, Paul. Sent. 5, 6, 11:

ancillam quis precario rogaverit,

Dig. 43, 26, 10.